A new genus and species of pigeon (Aves, Columbidae) from the Kingdom of Tonga, with an evaluation of hindlimb osteology of columbids from Oceania

The area from New Guinea via Oceania sustains the world’s most numerous set of columbids. We describe osteological characters of the hindlimb (femur, tibiotarsus, tarsometatarsus) that divide the Papuan-Oceanic pigeons and doves into three teams based mostly on practical morphology: „arboreal” (Hemiphaga, Ducula, Ptilinopus, Drepanoptila, Gymnophaps), „intermediate” (Columba, Macropygia, Reinwardtoena), and „terrestrial” (Gallicolumba [includes Alopecoenas], Trugon, Microgoura, Goura, Chalcophaps, Geopelia, Henicophaps, Caloenas, Didunculus, Otidiphaps).

The arboreal and terrestrial teams are every distinctive osteologically, particularly within the tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus, that are brief relative to the femur within the arboreal group, and lengthy relative to the femur within the terrestrial group. The intermediate pigeons are extra just like arboreal than to terrestrial pigeons, however nonetheless slot in neither group. To estimate the phylogenetic relationships amongst or inside these three teams is considerably tentative utilizing hindlimb osteology alone, though all 5 genera of arboreal pigeons have unbiased molecular proof of relatedness, as do a lot of the genera of terrestrial pigeons. Utilizing the hindlimb and different osteological information as a framework, we describe a brand new extinct genus and species of pigeon, Tongoenas burleyi, from Holocene archaeological and Pleistocene paleontological websites on six islands (Foa, Lifuka, `Uiha, Ha`afeva, Tongatapu, and `Eua) within the Kingdom of Tonga.

Tongoenas was a large-sized member of the „arboreal” pigeon group, with osteological characters that relate it to Ducula, Gymnophaps, and Hemiphaga (usually cover frugivores) quite than with the „terrestrial” pigeons (extra ground-dwelling and granivorous) similar to Gallicolumba, Trugon, Microgoura, Goura, and so forth. (others listed above). Amongst volant columbids, residing or extinct, solely the species of Goura (from New Guinea) are bigger than Tongoenas. From a lot of the similar prehistoric websites, we additionally report new materials of the practically as massive, extinct pigeon Ducula shutleri Worthy Burley, not too long ago described from islands within the Vava`u Group of Tonga. Thus, D. shutleri additionally was widespread in Tonga earlier than human influence. The prehistoric anthropogenic loss in Tonga of Tongoenas burleyi, Ducula shutleri, and different columbids undoubtedly had a detrimental influence on the dispersal regimes of Tongan forest bushes. At first human contact about 2850 years in the past, no less than 9 species of columbids in six genera inhabited the Tongan islands, the place solely 4 species in three genera exist in the present day.

 

 

Biogeographic problem-solving reveals the Late Pleistocene translocation of a short-faced bear to the California Channel Islands

An correct understanding of biodiversity of the previous is crucial for contextualizing biodiversity patterns and developments within the current. Rising methods are refining our potential to decipher in any other case cryptic human-mediated species translocations throughout the Quaternary, but these methods are sometimes utilized in isolation, quite than a part of an interdisciplinary hypothesis-testing toolkit, limiting their scope and utility. Right here we illustrate using such an integrative method and report the incidence of North America’s largest terrestrial mammalian carnivore, the short-faced bear, Arctodus simus, from Daisy Cave (CA-SMI-261), an vital early human occupation web site on the California Channel Islands.
We recognized the specimen by corroborating morphological, protein, and mitogenomic traces of proof, and evaluated the potential pure and anthropogenic mechanisms of its transport and deposition. Whereas representing only a single specimen, our mixture of methods opened a window into the habits of an enigmatic species, suggesting that A. simus was a wide-ranging scavenger using terrestrial and marine carcasses. This discovery highlights the utility of bridging archaeological and paleontological datasets to disentangle advanced biogeographic situations and reveal sudden biodiversity for island methods worldwide.
 A new genus and species of pigeon (Aves, Columbidae) from the Kingdom of Tonga, with an evaluation of hindlimb osteology of columbids from Oceania
A new genus and species of pigeon (Aves, Columbidae) from the Kingdom of Tonga, with an evaluation of hindlimb osteology of columbids from Oceania

A Whole-Proof Dated Phylogeny of Echinoidea Combining Phylogenomic and Paleontological Information

Phylogenomic and paleontological information represent complementary assets for unravelling the phylogenetic relationships and divergence occasions of lineages, but few research have tried to totally combine them. A number of distinctive properties of echinoids (sea urchins) make them particularly helpful for such synthetizing approaches, together with a exceptional fossil report that may be integrated into specific phylogenetic hypotheses. We revisit the phylogeny of crown group Echinoidea utilizing a total-evidence relationship method that mixes the biggest phylogenomic dataset for the clade, a large-scale morphological matrix with a dense fossil sampling, and a novel compendium of tip and node age constraints.

A2M Antibody

49482-100ul SAB 100ul 399.6 EUR

A2M Antibody

49482-50ul SAB 50ul 286.8 EUR

A2M antibody

70R-15491 Fitzgerald 50 ul 522 EUR
Description: Rabbit polyclonal A2M antibody

A2M Antibody

32318-100ul SAB 100ul 302.4 EUR

A2M Antibody

ABD8174 Lifescience Market 100 ug 525.6 EUR

A2M Antibody

ABD8176 Lifescience Market 100 ug 525.6 EUR

A2M Antibody

ABD6469 Lifescience Market 100 ug 525.6 EUR

A2M Antibody

1-CSB-PA005597 Cusabio
  • 266.40 EUR
  • 234.00 EUR
  • 100ug
  • 50ug
Description: A polyclonal antibody against A2M. Recognizes A2M from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, ELISA;WB:1/500-1/2000.ELISA:1/20000

A2M Antibody

1-CSB-PA14579A0Rb Cusabio
  • 380.40 EUR
  • 402.00 EUR
  • 100ug
  • 50ug
Description: A polyclonal antibody against A2M. Recognizes A2M from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, IHC, IF; Recommended dilution: IHC:1:20-1:200, IF:1:50-1:200

A2M Antibody

1-CSB-PA008007 Cusabio
  • 266.40 EUR
  • 234.00 EUR
  • 100ug
  • 50ug
Description: A polyclonal antibody against A2M. Recognizes A2M from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: IHC, ELISA;IHC:1/100-1/300.ELISA:1/40000

A2M Antibody

1-CSB-PA001004GA01HU Cusabio
  • 716.40 EUR
  • 399.60 EUR
  • 150ul
  • 50ul
Description: A polyclonal antibody against A2M. Recognizes A2M from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC

A2M Rabbit pAb

A1573-100ul Abclonal 100 ul 369.6 EUR

A2M Rabbit pAb

A1573-200ul Abclonal 200 ul 550.8 EUR

A2M Rabbit pAb

A1573-20ul Abclonal 20 ul 219.6 EUR

A2M Rabbit pAb

A1573-50ul Abclonal 50 ul 267.6 EUR

A2M Rabbit pAb

A16336-100ul Abclonal 100 ul 369.6 EUR

A2M Rabbit pAb

A16336-200ul Abclonal 200 ul 550.8 EUR

A2M Rabbit pAb

A16336-20ul Abclonal 20 ul 219.6 EUR

A2M Rabbit pAb

A16336-50ul Abclonal 50 ul 267.6 EUR

A2M Rabbit mAb

A9752 Abclonal 20 μL 18 EUR

A2M Blocking Peptide

DF8174-BP Affbiotech 1mg 234 EUR

A2M Blocking Peptide

DF6469-BP Affbiotech 1mg 234 EUR

A2M Blocking Peptide

20-abx161243 Abbexa
  • 326.40 EUR
  • 493.20 EUR
  • 1 mg
  • 5 mg

A2M Conjugated Antibody

C49482 SAB 100ul 476.4 EUR

A2M Conjugated Antibody

C32318 SAB 100ul 476.4 EUR

Human A2M ELISA Kit

ELA-E1017h Lifescience Market 96 Tests 988.8 EUR

A2M ELISA KIT|Human

EF000018 Lifescience Market 96 Tests 826.8 EUR

Rat A2M shRNA Plasmid

20-abx984351 Abbexa
  • 961.20 EUR
  • 1345.20 EUR
  • 150 µg
  • 300 µg

Human A2M shRNA Plasmid

20-abx950002 Abbexa
  • 961.20 EUR
  • 1345.20 EUR
  • 150 µg
  • 300 µg

Mouse A2M shRNA Plasmid

20-abx968975 Abbexa
  • 961.20 EUR
  • 1345.20 EUR
  • 150 µg
  • 300 µg

XG siRNA

20-abx939974 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

XK siRNA

20-abx939997 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

XK siRNA

20-abx939998 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

C2 siRNA

20-abx909812 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

C2 siRNA

20-abx909813 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

C3 siRNA

20-abx909836 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

C3 siRNA

20-abx909837 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

C4 siRNA

20-abx909861 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

C5 siRNA

20-abx909885 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

C5 siRNA

20-abx909886 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

C6 siRNA

20-abx909915 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

C6 siRNA

20-abx909916 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

C7 siRNA

20-abx909936 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

C9 siRNA

20-abx909997 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

C9 siRNA

20-abx909998 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

CP siRNA

20-abx912716 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

CP siRNA

20-abx912717 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

CS siRNA

20-abx912991 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

CS siRNA

20-abx912992 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

FH siRNA

20-abx916886 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

FH siRNA

20-abx916887 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

G4 siRNA

20-abx917386 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

GC siRNA

20-abx917712 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

GC siRNA

20-abx917713 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

GK siRNA

20-abx917966 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

GK siRNA

20-abx917967 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

F2 siRNA

20-abx915881 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

F2 siRNA

20-abx915882 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

F3 siRNA

20-abx915883 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

F3 siRNA

20-abx915884 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

F5 siRNA

20-abx915885 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

F5 siRNA

20-abx915886 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

F7 siRNA

20-abx915887 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

F7 siRNA

20-abx915888 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

F8 siRNA

20-abx915892 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

F8 siRNA

20-abx915893 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

F9 siRNA

20-abx915894 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

F9 siRNA

20-abx915895 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

HP siRNA

20-abx919835 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

HP siRNA

20-abx919836 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

HR siRNA

20-abx919861 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

HR siRNA

20-abx919862 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

AR siRNA

20-abx908237 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

AR siRNA

20-abx908238 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

AR siRNA

20-abx900461 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

C3 siRNA

20-abx900708 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

C9 siRNA

20-abx900711 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

CS siRNA

20-abx901306 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

F7 siRNA

20-abx901810 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

F9 siRNA

20-abx901811 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

GK siRNA

20-abx902176 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

HP siRNA

20-abx902526 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

IK siRNA

20-abx902642 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

KL siRNA

20-abx902881 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

MB siRNA

20-abx903181 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

TF siRNA

20-abx905542 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

TH siRNA

20-abx905567 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

XK siRNA

20-abx906110 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

PC siRNA

20-abx927994 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

PC siRNA

20-abx927995 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

IK siRNA

20-abx920376 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

IK siRNA

20-abx920377 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

KL siRNA

20-abx921882 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

KL siRNA

20-abx921883 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

KY siRNA

20-abx922178 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

MB siRNA

20-abx923683 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

MB siRNA

20-abx923684 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

SI siRNA

20-abx933413 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

SI siRNA

20-abx933414 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

TF siRNA

20-abx936606 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

TF siRNA

20-abx936607 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

TG siRNA

20-abx936654 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

TG siRNA

20-abx936655 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

TH siRNA

20-abx936736 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

TH siRNA

20-abx936737 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

T siRNA

20-abx938300 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

T siRNA

20-abx938301 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

VCL siRNA

20-abx939364 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

VCL siRNA

20-abx939365 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

VCP siRNA

20-abx939370 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

VCP siRNA

20-abx939371 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

VCX siRNA

20-abx939375 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

VCY siRNA

20-abx939377 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

VDR siRNA

20-abx939384 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

VDR siRNA

20-abx939385 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

VGF siRNA

20-abx939400 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

VGF siRNA

20-abx939401 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

VHL siRNA

20-abx939411 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

VHL siRNA

20-abx939412 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

VIM siRNA

20-abx939419 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

VIM siRNA

20-abx939420 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

VIP siRNA

20-abx939427 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

VIP siRNA

20-abx939428 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

VIT siRNA

20-abx939429 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

VIT siRNA

20-abx939430 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

VTN siRNA

20-abx939594 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

VTN siRNA

20-abx939595 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

vWF siRNA

20-abx939623 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

vWF siRNA

20-abx939624 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

WAC siRNA

20-abx939625 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

WAC siRNA

20-abx939626 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

WAP siRNA

20-abx939629 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

WAS siRNA

20-abx939644 Abbexa
  • 661.20 EUR
  • 878.40 EUR
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol
To this finish, we develop a novel technique for subsampling phylogenomic datasets that selects loci with excessive phylogenetic sign, low systematic biases and enhanced clock-like habits. Our outcomes reveal that combining totally different information sources will increase topological accuracy and helps resolve conflicts between molecular and morphological information. Notably, we current a brand new speculation for the origin of sand {dollars}, and restructure the relationships between stem and crown echinoids in a means that means a protracted stretch of undiscovered evolutionary historical past of the crown group within the late Paleozoic. Our efforts assist bridge the hole between phylogenomics and phylogenetic paleontology, offering a mannequin instance of the advantages of mixing the 2.

Dodaj komentarz

Twój adres e-mail nie zostanie opublikowany.