The euarthropod head is a extremely versatile and functionally specialised physique area composed of a number of appendage-bearing segments and whose complicated evolution has been scrutinized by means of anatomical, developmental, and paleontological approaches [1-4]. Exceptionally preserved Cambrian fossils have allowed for the reconstruction of important phases of the evolutionary historical past of the pinnacle, such because the origin of the labrum-an anteromedian flap-like construction that overlies the mouth opening in nearly all extant representatives-from an ancestral pair of pre-ocular (protocerebral) appendages.
The extremely conserved place of the labrum makes it a precious anatomical landmark for understanding the anterior segmental group amongst extant and extinct euarthropods [2]. Nonetheless, the labrum is seemingly absent within the megacheirans, a serious extinct group characterised by enlarged raptorial „nice appendages” with a central position in competing hypotheses on the early evolution of the pinnacle [1-3, 6-8]. Right here, we used micro-computed tomography to exhibit the presence of a three-dimensionally preserved labrum related to the mouth opening in juvenile specimens of the megacheiran Leanchoilia illecebrosa from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota, Southwest China. The place of the labrum relative to the pre-oral nice appendages of L. illecebrosa signifies that these limbs correspond to the deutocerebral phase and are due to this fact serially homologous with the primary appendage pair of extant euarthropods. The lowered labrum and deutocerebral nice appendages of L. illecebrosa additionally strengthen the affinities of megacheirans as stem-group chelicerates, consistent with current paleoneurological fossil information from the early to mid-Cambrian of China and North America.
Notochordal Alerts Set up Phylogenetic Id of the Teleost Backbone
The backbone is a defining characteristic of the vertebrate physique plan. Nonetheless, broad variations in vertebral constructions and morphogenetic methods happen throughout vertebrate teams, clouding the homology between their developmental applications. Evaluation of a zebrafish mutant, spondo, whose backbone is dysmorphic, prompted us to reconstruct paleontological proof, highlighting particular transitions throughout teleost backbone evolution.
Apparently, the spondo mutant recapitulates traits current in basal fishes, not present in extant teleosts. Additional evaluation of the mutation implicated the teleost-specific notochord protein, Calymmin, as a key regulator of backbone patterning in zebrafish. The mutation in cmn leads to lack of notochord sheath segmentation, altering osteoblast migration to the creating backbone, and rising sensitivity to somitogenesis defects related to congenital scoliosis in amniotes. These information counsel that indicators from the notochord outline the evolutionary identification of the backbone and exhibit how easy shifts in improvement can revert traits canalized for about 250 million years. Shark nurseries are important habitats for shark survival.
However the wealthy fossil file of the trendy nice white shark (Carcharodon carcharias, GWS), its use of nursery areas within the fossil file has by no means been assessed earlier than. Right here, we analysed the fossil file of the GWS from three South American Pliocene localities, assessed physique measurement distributions and utilized beforehand established standards to determine palaeo-nurseries. We discovered that juveniles dominate the Coquimbo locality (Chile), whereas subadults and adults characterize Pisco (Peru) and Caldera (Chile), respectively. These outcomes, summed to the paleontological and paleoenvironmental file of the area, counsel that Coquimbo represents the primary nursery space for the GWS within the fossil file. Our findings exhibit that one of many prime predators in right now’s oceans has used nursery areas for thousands and thousands of years, highlighting their significance as important habitats for shark survival in deep time.
Using auxology to know ontogeny of extinct hominins: A case examine on Homo naledi
The strategies used to check human development and improvement (auxology) haven’t beforehand been utilized throughout the setting of hominin maturation (ontogeny). Ontogeny is outlined right here because the sample of organic develop into an grownup type, each on the particular person and species stage. The hominin fossil file has a scarcity of recovered immature supplies, as a result of such elements as taphonomic processes that destroy pre-adults; the fragility of immature in comparison with grownup bone; and the decrease mortality charges of juveniles in comparison with adults. The current discovery of pre-adult hominin skeletal materials from a single, homogeneous Homo naledi species from the Rising Star cave system in South Africa gives the chance for a broader software of auxology strategies and thus the necessity to perceive their use in a contemporary context.
5x Stop Buffer |
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| TG4037 | TopoGen | 1ml | 187.2 EUR |
5X PTP Assay Buffer |
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| 79716 | BPS Bioscience | 20 ml | 195 EUR |
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Description: Extra assay buffer for use with the PTP Colorimetric assay kit (BPS Bioscience, Cat. #30019), or related PTP assay kits, for the study of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity. |
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5X CD73 Assay Buffer |
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| 74000 | BPS Bioscience | 10 ml | 195 EUR |
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Description: The 5X CD73 Assay Buffer is optimized for assaying CD73. This buffer is designed for BPS Bioscience's colorimetric assays (cat# 72055 and cat# 72058). |
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5x HSP90 Assay Buffer |
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| 50311 | BPS Bioscience | 20 ml | 180 EUR |
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Description: Concentrated aqueous buffer optimized for use with the following BPS Bioscience HSP90 assay kits: • HSP90α Assay Kit (96 well) #50293 96 reactions • HSP90α Assay Kit (384 well) #50298 384 reactions • HSP90β Assay Kit (96 well) #50294 96 reactions • HSP90β Assay Kit (384 well) #50299 384 reactions Note: This buffer is not designed for use with the HSP90β (C-Terminal) Inhibitor Screening Assay Kit, Cat. # 50314. |
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5x TBE Buffer Solution |
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| BA01805 | Bioatlas | 6x100ml | 112.8 EUR |
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Description: High purity buffer for various PCR applications. |
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Gyrase Assay Buffer 5x |
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| TG4030 | TopoGen | 1ml | 174 EUR |
MyFi Reaction Buffer, 5x |
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| BIO-37115 | Bioline | 3 x 1.25ml | Ask for price |
5X Passive Lysis Buffer |
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| 99912 | Biotium | 30ML | 92.4 EUR |
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Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 30ML |
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RANGER Reaction Buffer, 5x |
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| BIO-37114 | Bioline | 3 x 1.25ml | Ask for price |
Protein Loading Buffer 5X |
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| NAT1252 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 10X1ML | 135.6 EUR |
5X Protein Loading Buffer |
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| G031 | ABM | 3.0 ml | 102 EUR |
MangoTaq Buffer 5x, Coloured |
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| BIO-37102 | Bioline | 10ml | Ask for price |
MangoTaq Buffer 5x, Colourless |
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| BIO-37101 | Bioline | 10ml | Ask for price |
5x SHP-2 Assay Buffer |
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| 79626 | BPS Bioscience | 30 ml | 200 EUR |
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Description: The 5X SHP-2 Assay Buffer is optimized for use with the SHP-2 (Full-Length) Homogeneous Assay Kit (BPS Bioscience #79330) and the SHP-2 (catalytic domain) Homogeneous Assay Kit (BPS Bioscience #79317). |
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5X SA Gyrase Assay Buffer |
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| TG4045 | TopoGen | 1ml | 187.2 EUR |
DNA Loading Buffer Blue, 5x |
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| BIO-37045 | Bioline | 2 x 1ml | Ask for price |
Hi-Fi Reaction Buffer, 5x |
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| BIO-37110 | Bioline | 2 x 1.5ml | Ask for price |
MyTaq Reaction Buffer Red, 5x |
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| BIO-37112 | Bioline | 4 x 1ml | Ask for price |
5X Annexin V Binding Buffer |
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| 99902 | Biotium | 15ML | 96 EUR |
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Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 15ML |
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Assay Buffer Concentrate, 5x, 28ML |
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| X131-28ML | Arbor Assays | 28ML | 85 EUR |
Assay Buffer Concentrate, 5x, 55ML |
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| X131-55ML | Arbor Assays | 55ML | 109 EUR |
5X Firefly Luciferase Lysis Buffer |
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| 99923 | Biotium | 15ML | 84 EUR |
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Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 15ML |
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MyTaq reaction Buffer Colourless, 5x |
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| BIO-37111 | Bioline | 4 x 1ml | Ask for price |
TBE Buffer (Tris-Borate-EDTA) (5X) |
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| GB6999-1 | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 | 22.7 EUR |
TBE Buffer (Tris-Borate-EDTA) (5X) |
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| GB6999-2500 | Glentham Life Sciences | 2500 | 45.2 EUR |
SDS-PAGE Sample Loading Buffer (5x) |
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| abx090648-5ml | Abbexa | 5 ml | 226.8 EUR |
Native Gel Sample Loading Buffer (5x) |
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| abx090651-5ml | Abbexa | 5 ml | 226.8 EUR |
ReadiUseâ„¢ bacterial cell lysis buffer *5X* |
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| 24100-10mL | AAT Bioquest | 10 mL | 109 EUR |
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Description: Cell lysis refers to the breaking down of cells, and it is often used to analyze specific cellular compositions such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, reporter molecules, cell signal molecules and other small biomolecules. |
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ReadiUseâ„¢ mammalian cell lysis buffer *5X* |
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| 20012-10mL | AAT Bioquest | 10 mL | 109 EUR |
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Description: All our ReadiUse™ reagents require minimal hands-on time. |
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5X TBE Buffer, 1 Gallon, Refill Pack |
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| T8051-401 | GenDepot | 1 Gal | 134.4 EUR |
5X TBE Buffer, 2 Gallon, Refill Pack |
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| T8051-402 | GenDepot | 2 Gal | 213.6 EUR |
amfiRivert Reverse Transcriptase Reaction Buffer(5X) |
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| A1203-001 | GenDepot | 1ml | 105.6 EUR |
5x Topoisomerase IV Assay Buffer (2-part) |
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| TG4032 | TopoGen | 1ml | 201.6 EUR |
ReadiUse™ bacterial cell lysis buffer *5X* |
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| 24100 | AAT Bioquest | 10 mL | 109 EUR |
TBE buffer (Tris-Borate-EDTA), 5x Solution |
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| A00265 | Bio Basic | 4L | 95.33 EUR |
SDS-PAGE Protein Loading Buffer 5X (Reducing) |
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| AR1112 | BosterBio | 3mL | 72 EUR |
5x Insect Lysis Buffer (with Protease Inhibitor) |
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| ABP-BUF-10010 | Allele Biotech | 10 ml | Ask for price |
5X RIPA Buffer with Protease Inhibitor Cocktail |
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| AKR-190 | Cell Biolabs | 20mL | 192 EUR |
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Description: RIPA Buffer extracts proteins from cultured mammalian cells for various downstream applications. |
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Tris-Borate-EDTA buffer (TBE) 5x pH 8.3, 1000 ml |
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| 12-9111-10 | Medicago | 1000 ml | 174 EUR |
Sirtuin Assay Buffer |
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| 50090 | BPS Bioscience | 20 ml | 45 EUR |
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Description: Aqueous buffer optimized for use with BPS Bioscience's purified sirtuin (SIRT) enzymes and SIRT assay kits. |
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Borax Buffer 0.00996M |
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| BOR0091 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1L | 76.8 EUR |
TT Buffer (Tris-Tricine buffer) Primix powder |
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| TD8133 | Bio Basic | 1PK, 10L | 91.32 EUR |
ADA buffer |
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| AD0003 | Bio Basic | 25g | 77.75 EUR |
PBS Buffer |
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| RM00012 | Abclonal | 2L | 122.4 EUR |
Wash Buffer |
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| abx098952-20ml | Abbexa | 20 ml | 109.2 EUR |
Wash Buffer |
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| 1210-200 | Biovision | each | 235.2 EUR |
RIPA Buffer |
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| 2114-100 | Biovision | each | 189.6 EUR |
RIPA Buffer |
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| 2114-500 | Biovision | each | 555.6 EUR |
Wash Buffer |
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| abx293002-30ml | Abbexa | 30 ml | 126 EUR |
Wash Buffer |
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| KF17356 | Neuromics | 500 ml | 214.8 EUR |
RIPA Buffer |
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| GR103019 | Genorise Scientific | 50 mL | 59 EUR |
10X Tris-Glycine Native Buffer (Transfer buffer) |
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| T8052-050 | GenDepot | 500ml | 96 EUR |
10X Tris-Glycine Native Buffer (Transfer buffer) |
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| T8052-100 | GenDepot | 2X500ml | 124.8 EUR |
10X Tris-Glycine Native Buffer (Transfer buffer) |
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| T8052-101 | GenDepot | 1L | 114 EUR |
10X Tris-Glycine Native Buffer (Transfer buffer) |
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| T8052-200 | GenDepot | 4X500ml | 153.6 EUR |
10X Tris-Glycine Native Buffer (Transfer buffer) |
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| T8052-201 | GenDepot | 2X1L | 153.6 EUR |
10X Tris-Glycine Native Buffer (Transfer buffer) |
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| T8052-401 | GenDepot | 4X1L | 198 EUR |
Lysis Buffer |
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| abx098984-LysisBuffer120ml | Abbexa | Lysis Buffer 1 (20 ml) | 184.8 EUR |
Lysis Buffer |
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| abx098984-LysisBuffer3100ml | Abbexa | Lysis Buffer 3 (100ml) | 276 EUR |
Lysis Buffer |
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| abx098984-LysisBuffer420ml | Abbexa | Lysis Buffer 4 (20 ml) | 184.8 EUR |
Anode Buffer |
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| GR103036 | Genorise Scientific | 1 L | 89 EUR |
Assay Buffer, 225ML |
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| X040-225ML | Arbor Assays | 225ML | 126 EUR |
10xTaq Buffer |
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| PCRB60 | Bio Basic | 4x1.5ml, 6ml | 70.44 EUR |
Coating Buffer |
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| abx098970-1vial | Abbexa | 1 vial | 184.8 EUR |
Binding Buffer |
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| BB10X-50ML | ImmunoStep | 50 ML | 136.44 EUR |
Tricine buffer |
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| 20-abx082551 | Abbexa |
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Binding Buffer |
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| abx290019-50ml | Abbexa | 50 ml | 276 EUR |
Cathode Buffer |
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| GR103037 | Genorise Scientific | 1 L | 109 EUR |
PCR Buffer I, Mg Free 10X, Ammonium Rxn Buffer |
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| 42-300 | Genesee Scientific | 3 x 1.5ml/Unit | 285 EUR |
Blocking Buffer |
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| abx098972-1vial | Abbexa | 1 vial | 184.8 EUR |
Dilution Buffer |
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| 1066-100 | Biovision | each | 183.6 EUR |
Dilution Buffer |
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| 1066-400 | Biovision | each | 314.4 EUR |
Phosphate Buffer |
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| PB1 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1L | 118.81 EUR |
Stripping Buffer |
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| GR103020 | Genorise Scientific | 500 mL | 89 EUR |
Corning 3D Clear Starter Kit - Includes Reagent/Antibody Buffer/Blocking Buffer/Penetration Buffer/Washing Buffers |
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| 5730 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | 955.2 EUR |
PH Buffer 4.00 |
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| 1040525 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | 28.8 EUR |
Buffer Saver Blocks for MSMAXI saves 450ml of buffer |
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| MSMAXIBSB | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | 104.4 EUR |
SSPE buffer 200 ml |
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| 09-8952-100 | Medicago | 200 ml | 123.6 EUR |
Ab buffer kit |
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| 28903059 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | 184.8 EUR |
25ML TE BUFFER 100X |
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| NAT1204 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 25ML | 57.6 EUR |
Neutralizing Buffer 100gm |
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| 236210 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | 85.2 EUR |
Buffer Saver Blocks for MSCHOICE saves 190ml of buffer |
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| MSCHOICEBSB | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | 91.2 EUR |
PCR Buffer I, 1.5mM Mg Final 10X Ammonium Rxn Buffer |
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| 42-300M | Genesee Scientific | 3 x 1.5ml/Unit | 285 EUR |
His Buffer Kit |
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| 11003400 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | 192 EUR |
10x Taq Buffer |
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| BA00151 | Bioatlas | 1.8ml | 66 EUR |
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Description: High purity buffer for various PCR applications. |
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NH4 Buffer, 10x |
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| BIO-37025 | Bioline | 3 x 1.2ml | Ask for price |
HIS BUFFER KIT |
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| GE11-0034-00 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | 189.6 EUR |
20X SSC Buffer |
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| S0500-100 | GenDepot | 2X500ml | 144 EUR |
20X SSC Buffer |
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| S0500-200 | GenDepot | 4X500ml | 189.6 EUR |
10X TAE Buffer |
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| T8048-101 | GenDepot | 1L | 106.8 EUR |
50X TAE Buffer |
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| T8050-050 | GenDepot | 500ml | 116.4 EUR |
50X TAE Buffer |
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| T8050-100 | GenDepot | 2X500ml | 174 EUR |
50X TAE Buffer |
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| T8050-180 | GenDepot | 18L | Ask for price |
TBS Buffer, 10X |
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| T8057-100 | GenDepot | 1L | 138 EUR |
TBS Buffer, 10X |
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| T8057-105 | GenDepot | 5x1L | 343.2 EUR |
Citrate Buffer with Tween pH 6.0 (Antigen Retrieval Buffer) |
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| RRSP5115-E | Atom Scientific | 1L | 10.83 EUR |
Citrate Buffer with Tween pH 6.0 (Antigen Retrieval Buffer) |
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| RRSP5115-F | Atom Scientific | 2.5L | 18.17 EUR |
IP Lysis Buffer |
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| AR0107 | BosterBio | 100mL | 121.2 EUR |
Wash Buffer (25X) |
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| abx092104-30ml | Abbexa | 30 ml | 126 EUR |
Hepes Buffer 99.5% |
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| AK1069-0250 | Akron Biotech | 250g | Ask for price |
Hepes Buffer 99.5% |
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| AK1069-0500 | Akron Biotech | 500g | Ask for price |
Hepes Buffer 99.5% |
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| AK1069-1000 | Akron Biotech | 1kg | Ask for price |
DIGE buffer kit |
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| 28937452 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | 429.6 EUR |
Buffer Ph4.01 1Ltr |
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| PHB1410 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | 45.6 EUR |
Buffer Ph7.01 1Ltr |
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| PHB1414 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | 45.6 EUR |
10X MOPS Buffer |
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| M1057-050 | GenDepot | 500ml | 193.2 EUR |
10X MOPS Buffer |
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| M1057-100 | GenDepot | 2X500ml | 262.8 EUR |
Ecl Gold Buffer |
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| RPN3006 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | 1526.4 EUR |
20X SSPE Buffer |
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| S0510-100 | GenDepot | 2X500ml | 144 EUR |
20X SSPE Buffer |
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| S0510-101 | GenDepot | 1L | 118.8 EUR |
20X SSPE Buffer |
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| S0510-200 | GenDepot | 4X500ml | 189.6 EUR |
TMB Stop Buffer |
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| TSB010 | ScyTek Laboratories | 10 L | 388.8 EUR |
TMB Stop Buffer |
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| TSB125 | ScyTek Laboratories | 125 ml | 72 EUR |
TMB Stop Buffer |
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| TSB500 | ScyTek Laboratories | 500 ml | 85.2 EUR |
TMB Stop Buffer |
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| TSB999 | ScyTek Laboratories | 1000 ml | 96 EUR |
TMB Stop Buffer |
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| T3552-010 | GenDepot | 100ml | 111.6 EUR |
TMB Stop Buffer |
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| T3552-050 | GenDepot | 500ml | 138 EUR |
Immuno Buffer 1 |
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| 79311 | BPS Bioscience | 50 ml | 230 EUR |
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Description: The 3X Immuno Buffer 1 is optimized for use with a large variety of Immunotherapy Assay Kits: • CD28:B7-1[Biotinylated] Inhibitor Screening Assay Kit • CD28:B7-2[Biotinylated] Inhibitor Screening Assay Kit • CD47:SIRP-α[Biotinylated] Inhibitor Screening Assay Kit • CD47:SIRP-γ[Biotinylated] Inhibitor Screening Assay Kit • CD137[Biotinylated]:CD137L Inhibitor Screening Assay Kit • CD226:CD155 Homogeneous Assay Kit • CD226:CD112 Homogeneous Assay Kit • CTLA4:B7-1 TR-FRET Assay Kit • CTLA4:B7-1[Biotinylated] Inhibitor Screening Assay Kit • CTLA4[Biotinylated]:B7-2 Inhibitor Screening Assay Kit • IL-17RA[Biotin]:IL-17A Inhibitor Screening Assay Kit • OX40[Biotinylated]:OX40L Inhibitor Screening Assay Kit • PD-L1:B7-1[Biotinylated] Inhibitor Screening Assay Kit • PD-1:PD-L2[Biotinylated] Inhibitor Screening Colorimetric Assay Kit • PD-1[Biotinylated]:PD-L1 Homogeneous Assay Kit • PD-1[Biotinylated]:PD-L1 Inhibitor Screening Assay Kit • PD-1[Biotinylated]:PD-L1 Inhibitor Screening Colorimetric Assay Kit • PD-1[Biotinylated]:PD-L2 Inhibitor Screening Assay Kit • PD-1[Biotinylated]:PD-L2 Inhibitor Screening Colorimetric Assay Kit • TIGIT:CD112 Homogeneous Assay Kit |
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Kinase Buffer 1 |
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| 79334 | BPS Bioscience | 10 ml | 115 EUR |
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Description: The 5X Kinase Buffer 1 is optimized for use with a large variety of BPS Bioscience Kinase Assay Kits._x000D_Optimized for Use With: _x000D_B-Raf(V600E) Kinase Assay Kit EGFR Kinase Assay Kit EGFR(L858R) Kinase Assay Kit EGFR(T790M) Kinase Assay Kit EGFR(T790M/L858R) Kinase Assay Kit FAK Kinase Assay Kit VEGFR2(KDR) Kinase Assay Kit |
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DPP Assay Buffer |
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| 80300 | BPS Bioscience | 20 ml | 45 EUR |
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Description: Extra assay buffer optimized for use with the DPP assay kits. |
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TDO Assay Buffer |
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| 73006 | BPS Bioscience | 1 ml | 105 EUR |
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Description: 1x TDO Assay Buffer is an optimized, proprietary formulation designed for diluting TDO (BPS Cat. #71195) for in vitro enzyme activity assays. This product is intended to be used with the BPS TDO Inhibitor Screening Assay Kit (BPS Cat. #72023) and/or with purified, active TDO, His-tag (BPS Cat. #71195) in combination with TDO Reaction Solution (BPS Cat. #73005). |
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PDE Assay Buffer |
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| 60393 | BPS Bioscience | 25 ml | 45 EUR |
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Description: Extra assay buffer optimized for use with the PDE assay kit (BPS Bioscience, Cat. #60300), or related PDE assay kits, for the study of phosphodiesterase activity. |
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Yeast buffer kit |
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| 28944045 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | 124.26 EUR |
Buffer Ph10.01 1Ltr |
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| PHB1418 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | 45.6 EUR |
Cell Lysis Buffer, 100ML |
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| X050-100ML | Arbor Assays | 100ML | 70 EUR |
Human auxology research profit from a strong database, throughout a number of populations, and with longitudinal research with a view to assess the patterns and variations in typical development, improvement and life historical past phases. Right here, we evaluation the method, vocabulary, and strategies of those human research, examine commonalities in information with the fossil file, after which advance the reconstruction of ontogeny for the extinct hominin species H. naledi. To this finish, we apply an auxology mannequin into the paleontological context to broadly predict H. naledi birthweight of the offspring at 2.06 kg with a variety (±1 SD) of 1.89 to 2.24 kg, with a size at beginning 45.5 cm.